Iyo exhaust system inonyanya kuumbwa nepombi yekupedza, muffler, catalyst converter uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira.Kazhinji, pombi yekupopotera yemotokari yekugadzira yakawanda inogadzirwa nesimbi pombi, asi iri nyore kuita oxidize uye ngura pasi pechiito chinodzokororwa chekushisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro.Iyo pombi yekupisa ndeyezvikamu zvekuonekwa, saka mazhinji acho anopfapfaidzwa nependi inodzivirira kupisa kwepamusoro-tembiricha kana electroplating.Zvisinei, inowedzerawo uremu.Naizvozvo, akawanda mamodheru ave zvino akagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina, kana kunyange titanium alloy exhaust pombi yemitambo.

Zvakawanda

Iyo ina sitiroko multi cylinder injini kazhinji inotora pombi yekupedza simba, iyo inounganidza pombi dzepombi dze silinda yega yega uye yozoburitsa gasi rekuburitsa kuburikidza nemuswe pombi.Tora 4 cylinder mota semuenzaniso.Iyo 4 mu1 mhando inowanzo shandiswa.Kubatsira kwayo hakusi chete kuti inogona kuparadzira ruzha, asi zvakare kuti inogona kushandisa exhaust inertia yecylinder yega yega kuvandudza mashandiro emhepo kuwedzera simba remabhiza.Asi mhedzisiro iyi inogona chete kuita basa rakakosha mune imwe yekumhanyisa renji.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuseta iyo inotenderera yekumhanyisa nzvimbo iyo manifold inogona kunyatso shandisa injini bhiza nechinangwa chekutasva.Mumazuva ekutanga, dhizaini yekupedza yeakawanda cylinder midhudhudhu yaishandisa yakazvimirira exhaust masisitimu kune yega silinda.Nenzira iyi, kupindira kwekupedza kwega kwega cylinder kunogona kudziviswa, uye kupera inertia uye kupera simba kunogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kushanda.Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti kukosha kwe torque kunodonha kupfuura manifold kunze kweiyo seti yekumhanyisa renji.

Kupindira kwekuneta

Kushanda kwese kwehuwandu huri nani pane iyo yepombi yakazvimiririra, asi dhizaini inofanirwa kunge iine yakakwirira yehunyanzvi.Kuti uderedze kupindira kwekupedza kwecylinder imwe neimwe.Kazhinji, mapaipi maviri epombi epombi yakatarisana negiyosi inounganidzwa pamwe chete, uye ipapo mapaipi epombi eiyo silinda yekubatisa anounganidzwa.Iyi ndiyo 4 mu2 mune 1 vhezheni.Iyi ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekugadzira kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwe exhaust.Sezvinotaurwa, 4 mu2 mu1 anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura 4 mu1, uye chitarisiko chakasiyanawo.Asi kutaura zvazviri, pane musiyano mudiki pakati pekupedza simba kwezviviri.Nekuti pane girodhi yegwara mune 4 mu 1 pombi yekupedza, pane musiyano mudiki mukuita kwekushandisa.

Exhaust inertia

Iyo gasi ine imwe inertia mukuyerera, uye exhaust inertia yakakura kudarika inertia yekutora.Nokudaro, simba rekupedza inertia rinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kushanda kwemhepo.Exhaust inertia inobata basa rakakosha mumainjini ekushanda.Zvinowanzotendwa kuti gasi rekupedza simba rinosundirwa kunze nepiston panguva yekurohwa kwemhepo.Kana piston yasvika kuTDC, gasi rekupedza simba rinosara mukamuri rinopisa harigone kusundirwa kunze nepiston.Chirevo ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose.Pangosvika vheji yekupedza yakavhurwa, huwandu hukuru hwemhepo yekuburitsa gasi hunoburitswa kunze kwevhavha yekuburitsa nekukurumidza.Panguva ino, nyika haina kusundirwa kunze nepiston, asi inoburitswa pachayo pasi pekumanikidzwa.Mushure mokunge gasi rinopisa rinopinda mupombi yepombi nekumhanya kukuru, ichawedzera uye inoderedza pakarepo.Panguva ino, yave kunonoka kuzadza nzvimbo iri pakati pekubuda kwemashure uye kupera kwepamberi.Nokudaro, chikamu chisina kunaka chinomanikidzwa chichaumbwa kuseri kwevhavha yekupedza.Kudzvinyirira kwakashata kuchabvisa zvachose gasi rakasara rekupedza.Kana vheji yekutora yakavhurwa panguva ino, musanganiswa mutsva unogonawo kukweverwa muhumburumbira, iyo isingangogadziri kushanda kwemagetsi asiwo inovandudza kushanda kwekutora.Kana mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera anovhurwa panguva imwe chete, kona yekufamba kwe crankshaft inonzi valve overlap angle.Chikonzero nei iyo valve yakatarisana nekona yakagadzirirwa kushandisa iyo inertia inogadzirwa panguva yekupedza simba kuvandudza huwandu hwekuzadza hwemusanganiswa mutsva mucylinder.Izvi zvinowedzera simba remabhiza uye torque kubuda.Kungave kurova mana kana maviri sitiroko, exhaust inertia uye pulse inogadzirwa panguva yekuneta.Nekudaro, iyo mhepo yekupinza uye exhaust michina yemota mbiri dzekutsvaira dzakasiyana neiyo yemotokari ina dzinotsvaira.Inofanirwa kufananidzwa nekamuri yekuwedzera yepombi yekuburitsa kuti iite basa rayo rakakura.

Exhaust pulse

Iyo exhaust pulse imhando yepressure wave.Iyo dhizaini yekumanikidza inoitisa mupombi yekuburitsa kuti iite mhepo yekumanikidza, uye simba rayo rinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kupinza uye kupera simba.Simba rebarotropic wave rakafanana nere negative pressure wave, asi gwara rakapesana.

Kupomba chiitiko

Iyo gasi yekuburitsa inopinda mune manifold ichave nekusveta kune mamwe mapaipi asina kupera nekuda kwekuyerera inertia.Exhaust gasi kubva papombi dziri pedyo inosvetwa kunze.Ichi chiitiko chinogona kushandiswa kunatsiridza kupera simba.Kupera kweimwe silinda kunopera, uye ipapo kupera kweimwe silinda kunotanga.Tora moto wakatarisana necylinder seyero yemapoka uye sanganisa pombi yekuburitsa.Unganidza imwe seti yepombi dzekupedza.Ita 4 mu2 mu1 patani.Shandisa suction kubatsira kupera simba.

Silencer

Kana tembiricha yakakwira uye gasi rinopedza simba kubva muinjini richiburitswa mumhepo, gasi rinowedzera nekukurumidza uye kuburitsa ruzha rwakawanda.Nokudaro, panofanira kuva nemichina yekutonhodza uye yekunyaradza.Kune akawanda maburi ekunyarara uye makamuri e resonance mukati me silencer.Kune fiberglass inonzwika inobata donje pamadziro emukati kuti itore vibration uye ruzha.Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye muffler yekuwedzera, iyo inofanira kuva nemakamuri marefu uye mapfupi mukati.Nekuti kubviswa kweyepamusoro-frequency ruzha kunoda pfupi cylindrical yekuwedzera kamuri.Yakareba chubhu yekuwedzera kamuri inoshandiswa kubvisa yakaderera frequency ruzha.Kana chete kamuri yekuwedzera ine hurefu hwakafanana ichishandiswa, chete imwe odhiyo frequency inogona kubviswa.Kunyange zvazvo decibel yakaderedzwa, haigoni kubudisa inzwi rinogamuchirika panzeve yomunhu.Mushure mezvose, iyo muffler dhizaini inofanirwa kufunga kana ruzha rwekupedza injini inogona kugamuchirwa nevatengi.

Catalyst converter

Kare, locomotives akanga asina kugadzirwa necatalytic converters, asi iye zvino nhamba yemotokari uye midhudhudhu yakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nemhepo inopera gasi kwakanyanya.Kuti uvandudze kusvibiswa kwegasi, catalytic converters iripo.Ekutanga mabhinari catalytic converters aingoshandura kabhoni monoxide uye mahydrocarbons mumhepo yekuburitsa gasi kuita kabhoni dhaikisaidhi nemvura.Zvisinei, kune zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakadai se nitrogen oxide mumhepo inopera, iyo inogona kungoshandurwa kuva isina-chepfu nitrogen uye oksijeni mushure mekuderedzwa kwemakemikari.Naizvozvo, rhodium, inoderedza catalyst, inowedzerwa kune bhinary catalyst.Ikozvino ndiyo ternary catalytic converter.Hatigone kutevera kuita zveupofu, zvisinei nemhoteredzo yezvakatipoteredza.